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Here is a comprehensive list of common Checked Exceptions in Java, categorized and explained. These exceptions are checked at compile-time, meaning the Java compiler forces you to either handle them with try-catch or declare them using the throws keyword.
Checked Exceptions in Java – Complete List with Descriptions
📁 1. IOException and Its Subclasses
These exceptions occur during Input/Output operations like file reading/writing or network communication.
| Exception | Description |
|---|---|
IOException | General I/O exception |
FileNotFoundException | File cannot be found |
EOFException | End of file reached unexpectedly |
InterruptedIOException | I/O operation interrupted |
UnsupportedEncodingException | Unsupported character encoding |
MalformedURLException | URL is not in the correct format |
UnknownHostException | Host could not be determined |
SocketException | Error in socket connection |
BindException | Error in binding the port/socket |
ConnectException | Connection to server failed |
🗃️ 2. SQLException and JDBC Exceptions
These occur during database operations using JDBC.
| Exception | Description |
|---|---|
SQLException | General database access error |
SQLTimeoutException | Database operation timed out |
SQLDataException | Data-related error (e.g., data too large) |
SQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException | Constraint violation (like unique key) |
SQLSyntaxErrorException | SQL query syntax error |
🏗️ 3. Class Loading and Reflection Exceptions
| Exception | Description |
|---|---|
ClassNotFoundException | Requested class not found during runtime |
InstantiationException | Cannot instantiate a class (e.g., abstract/interface) |
IllegalAccessException | Access to the class or method is not allowed |
InvocationTargetException | Exception thrown by invoked method via reflection |
NoSuchMethodException | Method not found during reflection |
NoSuchFieldException | Field not found during reflection |
🛠️ 4. Thread and Concurrency Exceptions
| Exception | Description |
|---|---|
InterruptedException | Thread interrupted while waiting or sleeping |
ExecutionException | Exception thrown during task execution in threads |
📚 5. Other Checked Exceptions
| Exception | Description |
|---|---|
ParseException | Error while parsing strings (e.g., date formats) |
CloneNotSupportedException | Object doesn’t support clone() method |
GeneralSecurityException | General security-related exceptions |
CertificateException | Error in certificate processing |
DataFormatException | Data compression format error |
TransformerException | XML transformation error |
SAXException | XML parsing error in SAX parser |
⚠️ Important Note:
All checked exceptions extend from the base class:
java.lang.Exception
↳ (Checked Exceptions)They do not inherit from RuntimeException. If an exception extends RuntimeException, it is unchecked.
📌 Summary Table
| Category | Common Exceptions |
|---|---|
| File & I/O | IOException, FileNotFoundException |
| Database (JDBC) | SQLException, SQLSyntaxErrorException |
| Reflection & Class | ClassNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException |
| Threading | InterruptedException |
| Parsing & Others | ParseException, CloneNotSupportedException |